Research What Do Almaty Residents Think About Low Emission Zones? Findings from Focus Group Discussions

The Almaty Air Initiative Foundation conducted a study to assess Almaty residents’ attitudes toward the potential implementation of Low Emission Zones (LEZ).

The goal was to identify public awareness levels, perceptions of environmental threats, willingness to change, and expectations for the implementation of environmental programs.

What is the study about?
The study covered three groups with different lifestyles and transportation behaviors: drivers, taxi drivers, and pedestrians. Residents are united in their belief that the air in Almaty is polluted. This perception is shaped not so much by the media as by personal observation (such as trips to the mountains and viewing the city from above) and physical well-being.

Respondents largely shift environmental blame to less “controllable” sources like power plants and dense urban development. While they acknowledge the role of transportation, most drivers and taxi drivers reject personal responsibility.

“There are many cars, but the buses and minibuses pollute the most. That’s where the solution should start.”
Man, 35–45, driver

The most environmentally aware group (i.e., those who recognize that vehicles are a major contributor to air pollution) are pedestrians.

Attitudes toward LEZ
The LEZ program is little-known: the term needs clarification, and once explained, it often sparks skepticism and anxiety. Low Emission Zones are perceived as a “tax on the poor,” a “program for the rich,” or “yet another fine.” People stress the lack of alternatives and the limitations of public transport. A major barrier to implementation is the public’s lack of trust in government.

“If everything is explained clearly, people will understand. The key is that they see it’s being done for them, not just to issue fines.”
Woman, 35–45, pedestrian

Expectations and Suggestions
While respondents do not deny the importance of clean air, they emphasize that certain conditions must first be met:
– improving public transport (frequency, air conditioning, routes);
– an old vehicle disposal program with incentives for purchasing newer, cleaner models;
– development of transfer infrastructure (park-and-ride facilities, shuttle services);
– environmental education, including via schools and influencers;
– targeted outreach to specific groups (pensioners, people with disabilities, taxi drivers and couriers, large or low-income families).

Key takeaway from the feedback:

“We are not against change. We are against being excluded from the process.”

The full research report is available at this link